Темы по английскому для сдачи экзамена

|It has immense natural resources, such as coal, oil| | |

|& gas, all kinds of mineral deposits, great forests| | |

|& rivers, it has everything. | | |

|There are many branches of industry in Russia - | | |

|machine-building, steel production, chemical & | | |

|electronic industries, & numerous others. | | |

|Unfortunately, agriculture is in a rather poor | | |

|state, & we have to import foodstuffs, & even | | |

|wheat. | | |

|The potential of Russia & its people is great, & | | |

|with reasonable economic mechanisms & laws the | | |

|country will overcome the present difficulties, & | | |

|will occupy the place it deserves in the world | | |

|community. | | |

|The cultural heritage of Russia is rich & varied/ | | |

|The names of Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Tchaikovsky are | | |

|known all over the world/ | | |

|Russia’s history, like that of any other great | | |

|country, is full of glory & blood. | | |

|Russia twice saved Europe from the Dark Age - | | |

|stopping the Tartars, & crushing the German | | |

|fascists. | | |

|I’m proud of my country, I love Russia, my | | |

|motherland, & will do the best I can to improve its| | |

|economic & political situation. | | |

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|An Outstanding Person of Russia. | | |

|Russia gave birth to many wonderful people, who | | |

|made great contributions to all fields of human | | |

|activity, such as science, art, various | | |

|discoveries, & so on. | | |

|The world knows our composers, ballet dancers, | | |

|writers. | | |

|As for me, I think one of the greatest men, who | | |

|influenced Russian & world culture, was Alexander | | |

|Pushkin. | | |

|I believe that in his prose & poetry he actually | | |

|created the modern Russian language, the language | | |

|we use today. | | |

|He was born a nobelman & lived a life of a | | |

|nobelman. | | |

|He studied at an exclusive school, lycee. | | |

|He visited all those balls, & parties, & receptions| | |

|at court. | | |

|But he managed to feel & know the souls of ordinary| | |

|Russian people of all walks of life. | | |

|His power of observation was so great, that in his | | |

|works he drew a comprehensive picture of life in | | |

|Russia at that time. | | |

|It’s a strange phenomenon that poets do not live | | |

|long. | | |

|I think that is because the candle burns so | | |

|brightly & so fast. | | |

|Pushkin was killed at the age of 37 at a duel that | | |

|was a result of intrigue & scandal connected with | | |

|the name of his wife. | | |

|But poets do not die. | | |

|If you asked Russian people who their favourite | | |

|poets is, most would answer «Pushkin». | | |

|Small kids learn to read using his fairy tales, & | | |

|this admiration of his poetry just stays on. | | |

|His works are read & enjoyed by all those who love | | |

|the Russian language & Russia. | | |

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|Sport. | | |

|Sport is, or rather should be, an important part of| | |

|everyone’s life. | | |

|Here we should distinguish between big-time sport &| | |

|just keeping fit. | | |

|We can’t all be professional athletes, but we | | |

|should pay attention to out bodies. | | |

|Our body needs exercise just as it needs food. | | |

|Everyone chooses physical according to one’s | | |

|tastes. | | |

|Some people just jog. | | |

|Others prefer more active kind of exercise, such as| | |

|football, basketball, volleyball, martial arts. | | |

|Tennis has become very popular, & it really is a | | |

|good workout for all groups of muscles. | | |

|Fitness centres, body building & shaping gyms are | | |

|full of pumping iron. | | |

|There are some specific British & American sports | | |

|that are rather interesting - golf, cricket, | | |

|baseball, American football. | | |

|Tastes differ, but one thing is for sure - if you | | |

|want to be healthy & fit, you can’t do without | | |

|sport. | | |

|I start every day with a half hour of exercise - | | |

|push ups, sit ups, chin ups, warming up all my | | |

|muscles. | | |

|Then a quick shower, & I feel as fit as a fiddle. | | |

|Twice a week I have a two-hour workout in a gum on | | |

|various training devices & just lifting weights. | | |

|Once a week I visit a swimming pool . | | |

|It’s enough for me to feel fit. | | |

|Of course I would like to take up Alpine skiing or | | |

|para-gliding, but I have neither time nor equipment| | |

|for that. | | |

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|Holidays. | | |

|Every family has its own holidays, connected with | | |

|some great events in its history. | | |

|For ordinary people holidays are mostly the chance | | |

|to relax & have a good time. | | |

|There are some almost universal holidays, such as | | |

|Christmas & New Year. | | |

|We’ve got 2 favourite holidays New Year & Easter. | | |

|The New Year is noisy & festive. | | |

|Christmas trees are decorated with tinsel, toys, & | | |

|strings of colored light bulbs. | | |

|Children put stockings under the trees for Santa | | |

|Claus to fill them up with gifts. | | |

|It’s a family occasion - the whole family usually | | |

|gathers, gifts are exchanged. | | |

|There are parties, dancing, champagne drinking, | | |

|fireworks & firecrackers. | | |

|At midnight everyone at a party stops whatever they| | |

|are doing to greet the New Year. | | |

|It’s the most colorful & merry of all holidays. | | |

|I can’t help mentioning Easter, which is connected | | |

|with the idea of spring & revival of nature. | | |

|We exchange painted eggs, special cakes, & | | |

|generally make merry. | | |

|There are also our birthdays parties- we celebrate | | |

|him or her with birthday, singing Happy birthday to| | |

|you, present our gifts & have our family dinner. | | |

|All holidays are nice, because people forget their | | |

|worries for a while, & enjoy themselves. | | |

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|London. | | |

|I haven’t been to London yet, & I’d like to visit | | |

|this city very much, because I like the English | | |

|language, & I’m curious to learn about everyday | | |

|life of the people who speak this beautiful | | |

|language, & just see sights. | | |

|Here’s what I know about this city so far. | | |

|L is one of the greatest, most colourful & | | |

|interesting cities of the world, & it tops the list| | |

|of the cities I’d like to visit. | | |

|I know a lot about it- I have studied its map, seen| | |

|a lot of postcard, talked to people who have been | | |

|there. | | |

|Sometimes I close my eyes & imagine I walk down | | |

|Piccadilly, Regent or Oxford street, cross the | | |

|Thames by London or Tower bridge, or knock on the | | |

|door of #10 Downing street, just to say «Hi» to the| | |

|Prime Minister. | | |

|The city is really large- more than 8 million | | |

|people live in the so- called Greater L- that is, L| | |

|& its suburbs. | | |

|The oldest pert of L is the City, the financial & | | |

|business centre of the country. | | |

|The finest part of L is the West End with long | | |

|streets of fine shops, theatres, picture galleries,| | |

|restaurants, beautiful parks. | | |

|St. James Park, Green Park, Kensington Gardens, & | | |

|Hyde Park with its Speaker’s Corner where you can | | |

|go up on a platform, & speak freely on the topic | | |

|that you find vital. | | |

|The East End is something quite different. | | |

|It is the industrial part of L, there are factories| | |

|& docks there, & blocks of flats where working | | |

|people live. | | |

|Naturally, L is a cultural, scientific, & | | |

|industrial centre of the country, & it means that a| | |

|lot of interesting things are taking place there | | |

|all the time. | | |

|It is rather pointless trying to describe all the | | |

|beauties & sights of L. | | |

|As they say, it’s better to see something once than| | |

|to hear about it a thousand times. | | |

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|TV. | | |

|Watching TV is certainly the most popular adult | | |

|leisure activity everywhere | | |

|83% of our citizens asked in the survey say they | | |

|watch TV at least once a month. | | |

|Most people regard TV as a form of recreation, they| | |

|just want to relax & get some thrills. | | |

|And the best thing for this is home. | | |

|TV offers a very diverse stream of information & | | |

|entertainment- news, documentaries, cartoons, | | |

|movies, sports, games. | | |

|Some people spend hours watching everything that is| | |

|shown. | | |

|I am not a TV addict, I prefer radio, because you | | |

|can do something & listen to it at the same time. | | |

|Mostly it’s music, which helps up to keep a good | | |

|spirits, the latest news & some useful information.| | |

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|But what I like best is a good intelligent book. | | |

|Someone said that reading to the mind is what | | |

|exercise is to the body. | | |

|Books cannot be replaced by all the mass media in | | |

|the world. | | |

|Reading is a perfect combination of business & | | |

|pleasure, of intellectual work & entertainment. | | |

|So, I switch off TV & open a book. | | |

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|Cinema. | | |

|Cinema is the favourite & most widespread form of | | |

|entertainment both for children & adults. | | |

|Everyone finds smth that satisfies one’s tastes. | | |

|The viewers are transported to the screen, & take | | |

|part in the action, performing the most | | |

|extraordinary deeds that they would never do in | | |

|real life. | | |

|People.identify themselves with the characters, & | | |

|they worship the movie stars , whom they want to | | |

|imitate. | | |

|There are films that are real works of art. | | |

|They require some thoughtful viewing. | | |

|When I want to go to the cinema I usually see the | | |

|programme what films are on. | | |

|Then I phone my friends & we discuss what films to | | |

|see. | | |

|I prefer feature films but also enjoy cartoons & | | |

|popular science films.. | | |

|To see a good love story, musical or detective film| | |

|is a very pleasant way of spending free time. | | |

|The last film I saw was the screen version of the | | |

|novel Gone with the wind- by M.Mitchel. | | |

|It’s an old film, but still it enjoys great | | |

|popularity. | | |

|The cast is led by great actress Vivien Leugh. | | |

|I was deeply impressed by acting & the film itself.| | |

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|It hasn’t lost its visual splender by the passage | | |

|of time. | | |

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|Books | | |

|People get a kick out of doing most extraordinary | | |

|things. | | |

|I can’t say that I am really mad about this or that| | |

|kind of leisure activity. | | |

|But if I were asked about my or our family hobby I | | |

|would name reading. | | |

|In modern society books became overshadowed by | | |

|cinema, TV, video as entertainment ,& by computers| | |

|as a source of information. | | |

|Of course, computers offer a much more perfect & | | |

|economical way jf storing & retrieving data. | | |

|But the artistic value of books is undeniable. | | |

|Only by reading can a person learn to think, to | | |

|feel, to behave as a human being. | | |

|I enjoy reading all kinds of books- historical | | |

|novels, travelogues, biographies, novels, science | | |

|fiction, detective stories, poetry, etc. | | |

|If I were to name my favourite genre or writer, it | | |

|would be hard for me to do, but in American | | |

|literature I would single out M.Mitchel. | | |

|Her novel Gone with the wind- is so human, so | | |

|touching, informative, touching & poetic. | | |

|11. In fact, it’s one of the greatest books about | | |

|love. | | |

|12. Someone said that reading to the mind is what | | |

|exercise to the body. | | |

|13. Books cant’t be replaced by all the mass media | | |

|in the world. | | |

|14. So, I switch off TV, radio, my computer & open | | |

|a book. | | |

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|Outstanding Scientist. | | |

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|Russia gave birth to many wonderful people, who | | |

|made great contributions to all fields of human | | |

|activity. | | |

|As for me, I think one of the greatest man, | | |

|scientist- was A. Sakharov. | | |

|He could teach & inspire. | | |

|His influence was consisting & increasing at the | | |

|time of his untimely death. | | |

|Sakharov received the honour & glory of his country| | |

|for his outstanding work in physics which led to | | |

|the Soviet hydrogen bomb. | | |

|When he saw abuse of power he fought the | | |

|authorities who had recently honoured him. | | |

|He was treated with unbelievable indignity & | | |

|cruelty. | | |

|A.Sakharov set a standard for the modern hero. | | |

|Few will achieve his level, but many will fight | | |

|injustice because of his example. | | |

|He risked not only his career but physical harm by | | |

|speaking out when too many others were silent. | | |

|His life was a feat, his death, a soldier’s death, | | |

|was symbolic. | | |

|So, I consider him one of the best representatives | | |

|of humankind. | | |

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|Protection of environment. | | |

|People have been polluting their environment since | | |

|time immemorial. | | |

|Toxic chemical waste, nuclear waste, deforestation,| | |

|greenhouse effect, thoughtless exploitation of | | |

|natural resources- all this has brought mankind to | | |

|the age of abyss. | | |

|The Earth can be saved only by united efforts of | | |

|major industrial powers. | | |

|A lot has been done & is being done in this | | |

|respect. | | |

|You can see the mark Ozone- friendly on most | | |

|aerosol cans. | | |

|But the hole in the ozone layer keeps on growing. | | |

|The whales are still being killed in spite of the | | |

|protest actions of Greenpeace. | | |

|I personally think that solution is in safety | | |

|precautions. | | |

|Such as installing hi- tech purification systems & | | |

|waste free production methods. | | |

|On the other hand the most of Western countries are| | |

|overproducing. | | |

|Production & consumption should be balanced. | | |

|That is my point of view. | | |

|Besides, people should be conscious of their | | |

|environment. | | |

|Just don’t litter, & that already will be a step | | |

|towards protecting the environment. | | |

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|My friend. | | |

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|I’ve got a lot of friends, but my best friend is | | |

|Paul. | | |

|He is 18, he has an oval face, straight nose, blue | | |

|eyes & attractive smile. | | |

|So people find him good- looking. | | |

|Paul is particularly known for his warm & friendly | | |

|character. | | |

|Whenever a friend is in trouble he never fails to | | |

|help. | | |

|He is always open- minded &interested in other | | |

|people. | | |

|The only thing I don’t like about P is that he | | |

|smokes. | | |

|But he is a person of a strong character & I’m sure| | |

|he will get rid of this bad habit. | | |

|In general my friend is an interesting person. | | |

|He is well- read, he is fond of music, he plays | | |

|basketball & football well. | | |

|Paul has a great sense of humour & I like to spend | | |

|time with him. | | |

|It’s impossible to be depressed with him around. | | |

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|My pets. | | |

|People get a kick out of doing most extraordinary | | |

|things. | | |

|I’m lucky to have a cat called Duysya. | | |

|It’s a he- cat. | | |

|He is 2 years old, but is as playful & energetic as| | |

|a kitten. | | |

|He takes part in our family activities & is good to| | |

|have around, generally. | | |

|On Sundays our family takes 30 minutes drive to our| | |

|dacha in the country. | | |

|In fact, it’s just a small cottage on a small plot | | |

|of land, but there is my friend- dog Romka. | | |

|He is a big Caucas dog. | | |

|He guards the house from the burglars. | | |

|I forgot to mention that my grandparents live | | |

|there. | | |

|They are on pension now & live in the country the | | |

|whole year. | | |

|They keep a lot of animals- a cow, a calf, one | | |

|sheep, 2 lambs, & a dozen of hens with the cock. | | |

|I like them all, like to watch for their behavior- | | |

|they are very funny. | | |

|The only thing that troubles me is the fact that we| | |

|need to collect hay for them. | | |

|It’s not an easy thing, it’s a very hard work. | | |

|But if you visit Banya in the evening you will feel| | |

|as fit as a fiddle. | | |

|So I’m looking forward for summer, for holidays. | | |

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|Russia. Moscow. | | |

|We are lining in a rapidly changing, multinational | | |

|& multicultural world. | | |

|But one thing remains basic & dear to my heart - my| | |

|homeland, Russia. | | |

|No one can deny that it is a great country with its| | |

|area of about 17 million square km, & population of| | |

|150 million people. | | |

|It is washed by the seas of Arctic & Pacific | | |

|Oceans. | | |

|It has a lot of natural resources, such as coal, | | |

|gas, great forests, rivers, it has everything. | | |

|There are many branches of industry in Russia- | | |

|machine- building, steel production, chemical & | | |

|electronic industries & others. | | |

|Unfortunately, is in a rather poor state, we have | | |

|to import food stuffs, even wheat. | | |

|The cultural heritage is rich & varied. | | |

|The names of Tolstoy, Dostoeyevsky, Tchaikovsky are| | |

|known all over the world. | | |

|The capital of Russia is Moscow. | | |

|It is dear to the hearts of all our citizens. | | |

|It is rather pointless trying to describe all the | | |

|beauties & sights of Moscow. | | |

|But what I like most about this city is the pulse | | |

|of life, of change, of movement. | | |

|Moscow is the place where thing are happening in | | |

|all spheres of human activity- it’s the heard of | | |

|Russia, full of energy. | | |

|I’m proud of my country, I love Russia my | | |

|Motherland, & will do the best I can to improve its| | |

|economic & political situation. | | |

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